In terms of contamination risks, why are septic tanks scrutinized?

Septic tanks are scrutinized primarily because they can leak contaminants into the water supply. This potential for contamination arises from the way septic systems operate. They treat wastewater through a combination of physical, biological, and chemical processes, but if they malfunction or if the tank is improperly installed or maintained, untreated or partially treated sewage can seep into the ground. This can lead to the contamination of groundwater or surface water, posing serious health risks to humans and the environment.

Contaminants such as pathogens, nutrients, and hazardous chemicals can be released, leading to water quality issues that affect drinking water sources and contribute to pollution in nearby water bodies. For this reason, monitoring and regulatory measures are essential to ensure that septic systems operate safely and effectively, minimizing risks to public health and environmental safety.