What does a higher C value indicate in terms of pipe performance?

A higher C value indicates decreased friction and head loss in a pipe. The C value, as defined in the Hazen-Williams equation, is a coefficient that reflects the relative smoothness of a pipe's interior surface. When the C value is higher, it means the pipe is smoother, allowing water to flow more freely with less resistance. This smoother surface minimizes turbulence and friction, leading to lower head loss as water travels through the pipe.

In practical terms, this means that systems designed with pipes that have a high C value can deliver water more efficiently, resulting in better performance overall. This is particularly advantageous in water distribution systems where minimizing energy consumption and maximizing flow efficiency are critical.

Therefore, in the context of this question, the correct understanding is that a higher C value leads to improved flow characteristics and reduced energy losses due to friction in the piping system.