What happens to the pressure when high-velocity water flow is suddenly stopped?

When high-velocity water flow is suddenly stopped, the phenomenon of water hammer occurs, which is characterized by a significant increase in pressure. This happens because the kinetic energy of the moving water is abruptly converted into pressure energy when the flow is halted. The rapid change in velocity creates a pressure surge, leading to a spike in the pressure within the pipeline or system.

This principle is critical in water treatment and distribution systems, as the resultant pressure surge can cause damage to pipes, fittings, and equipment if precautions are not taken. Proper design and implementation of pressure relief devices or surge tanks can help mitigate the effects of this pressure spike, preventing potential failures in the system.

Understanding this hydraulic principle is essential for operators and engineers working in water treatment and distribution to ensure the integrity and reliability of the infrastructure.