What is a consequence of hard water in plumbing systems?

Hard water contains a high concentration of minerals, particularly calcium and magnesium. When hard water flows through plumbing systems, these minerals can precipitate and accumulate, leading to scaling. This scaling can build up on the insides of pipes, faucets, and appliances such as water heaters, causing decreased efficiency and potential damage over time. The more the scaling builds up, the narrower the pipes become, which can reduce water flow and increase pressure in the system, potentially leading to leaks.

This phenomenon is significant because it not only affects the functionality of plumbing systems but can also heighten maintenance costs and reduce the lifespan of appliances. The other options, while they may be related to water quality or usage, do not directly reflect the primary consequence of hard water on plumbing systems. For instance, improved water taste can sometimes be subjective and varies with individual preference, while staining of glassware and reduced water temperature are not commonly recognized issues directly attributed to hard water in plumbing contexts.