What is a hot tap in water main applications?

A hot tap is a specialized technique used in water main applications that allows for the installation of new pipes or fittings onto an existing pressurized pipeline without necessitating a shutdown of the water system. This method enables utility companies to expand their infrastructure or make repairs while maintaining continuous service to customers, thereby avoiding service interruptions and reducing the risk of water quality issues that may arise during extensive system downtime.

The process involves creating an opening in the existing pipeline under pressure, using a valved tapping machine that ensures that water flow can be managed during the installation. This capability can significantly enhance operational efficiency and is particularly valuable in complex distribution systems where shutdowns could affect large populations or critical services.

Other methods mentioned, such as pressure testing, disinfecting, or cleaning pipes, focus on maintaining or verifying the condition of existing systems but do not involve the installation of new components under pressure like a hot tap does.