What is the effect of encrustation on water flow in a plumbing system?

Encrustation refers to the buildup of mineral deposits or other materials on the interior surfaces of pipes and plumbing fixtures. This accumulated layer decreases the effective diameter of the pipes, leading to increased resistance to water flow. As a result, the pressure needed to push water through the system must increase, and the overall flow rate decreases.

In systems where significant encrustation has occurred, this reduction in flow can lead to various operational issues, such as reduced efficiency, increased energy costs for pumping, and potential damage to the infrastructure due to pressure build-ups. Addressing encrustation is crucial for maintaining optimal water flow and system performance.